{"id":37934,"date":"2024-04-08T13:01:16","date_gmt":"2024-04-08T11:01:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/composites-united.com\/?p=37934"},"modified":"2024-04-08T13:02:54","modified_gmt":"2024-04-08T11:02:54","slug":"takes-one-to-know-one-inspection-of-foam-cored-sandwich-with-cfrp-skins","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/composites-united.com\/en\/takes-one-to-know-one-inspection-of-foam-cored-sandwich-with-cfrp-skins\/","title":{"rendered":"Takes one to know one \u2013 Inspection of foam-cored sandwich with CFRP skins"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"37934\" class=\"elementor elementor-37934 elementor-37911\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-section-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-18558f7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"18558f7\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4623367\" data-id=\"4623367\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-963e099 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"963e099\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5761a90 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5761a90\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">Inspection of foam-cored sandwich with CFRP skins<\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-75151d6 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"75151d6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc3df53 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bc3df53\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p><strong>For aerostructures it is crucial to inspect <\/strong><strong>built-in sandwich structures for flaws. Thus, <\/strong><strong>Dolphitech, reknowned provider of NDT products <\/strong><strong>and services, made special foam core <\/strong><strong>panels. They are bonded between two <\/strong><strong>spread-tow carbon fiber reinforced polymer <\/strong><strong>(CFRP) outer laminates and contain a range <\/strong><strong>of embedded flaws at different depths. With <\/strong><strong>the dolphicam2 and the newest Freya software <\/strong><strong>version, these features were clearly detected <\/strong><strong>and presented.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-49b63f7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"49b63f7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>To benchmark the capabilities of the dolphicam2, a foam core panel bonded between two spread-tow carbon fiber outer laminates was made, containing a range of important flaw types. These features were embedded at different depths within the panel, where the ability to toggle between multiple C-scans with the dolphicam2 allows one to easily analyze different layers. This is a new capability with the Freya software version, which streamlines the analysis of multi-layered samples and enables one to inspect such parts more easily.<\/p><p><strong>Test setup <\/strong><\/p><p>The foam core is Rohacell 51 IG, which is a commercial grade, closed cell expanded polymethacrylimide (PMI) used for lightweight sandwich construction. The core is 0.23\u2033 thick, the laminate on the inspection side is 0.18\u2033, and on the back face is 0.08\u2033. The embedded features include both flaws and manufacturing processes.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9c1284a elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"9c1284a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1450\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/composites-united.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Dolphitech_Inspection-FoamSandwich-03.jpg\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536 wp-image-37914\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/composites-united.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Dolphitech_Inspection-FoamSandwich-03.jpg 1450w, https:\/\/composites-united.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Dolphitech_Inspection-FoamSandwich-03-300x124.jpg 300w, https:\/\/composites-united.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Dolphitech_Inspection-FoamSandwich-03-1024x424.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/composites-united.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Dolphitech_Inspection-FoamSandwich-03-768x318.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1450px) 100vw, 1450px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6f90809 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6f90809\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Technical drawing of the panel showing the internal features<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5491dda elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5491dda\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>Flaws are important to find as their presence can reduce the part strength and increase the likelihood of failure. Flaws are:<\/p><ul><li>pillow inserts to represent delamination,<\/li><li>machined cores to represent skin-to-core disbonds,<\/li><li>snapped foam core, which frequently occurs during manufacture, and<\/li><li>\u201cno core splice\u201d (two core sections that have not been joined) to represent a region that has been missed when joining two core sections.<\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Manufacturing processes are important to inspect to ensure they are within dimensional tolerances and to have an accurate idea of their location.\u00a0The manufacturing processes are:<\/p><ul><li>potted core regions formed by machining the foam core and then potting it, and<\/li><li>a core splice formed by adhesively bonding core panels together, whereby multiple core panels may need to be \u201cspliced\u201d together for larger size layups.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-30abb22 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"30abb22\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"744\" src=\"https:\/\/composites-united.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Dolphitech_Inspection-FoamSandwich-02-768x744.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-37920\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/composites-united.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Dolphitech_Inspection-FoamSandwich-02-768x744.jpg 768w, https:\/\/composites-united.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Dolphitech_Inspection-FoamSandwich-02-300x291.jpg 300w, https:\/\/composites-united.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Dolphitech_Inspection-FoamSandwich-02-1024x992.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/composites-united.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Dolphitech_Inspection-FoamSandwich-02.jpg 1250w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6db44c8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6db44c8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Amplitude view for Gate 2. The jet color palette has been used to highlight the variation<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a51e50b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a51e50b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>The panel was inspected using a dolphicam2 in pulse-echo mode and a TRM-AF-3.5MHz transducer module (TRM). The TRM has a central frequency of 3.5 MHz and an Aqualene delay line. It is an excellent all-rounder for composite inspection in aerospace with a good balance between penetration and resolution for this application. The sample was inspected from the \u201cinspection face\u201d where water was used as couplant. A velocity calibration was performed, where velocity was found to be 3041 m\/s.<\/p><p>A stitched map of 12 \u00d7 12 tiles was acquired over the \u201cinspection face\u201d for the panel. Stitched maps are uniquely enabled by dolphicam2\u2019s live C-scans. They are formed by freehand positioning the transducer and stitching the data from each location together.<\/p><p><strong>Findings and conclusion <\/strong><\/p><p>In short, the test series \u2013 or rather its results \u2013 were more than satisfactory. With the dolphicam2 platform, it is possible to detect a variety of features including simulated delaminations and skin-to-core disbonds, as well as a snapped foam core, a \u201cno core splice\u201d, a potted core, and a core splice.<\/p><p>This was all achieved with a standard pulse echo setup without the need for any through-transmission technique. Moreover, the Freya software version introduces the ability to quickly toggle between and view\u00a0multiple C-scans, which streamlines the analysis of multi-layered samples and speeds up the overall inspection time.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cd83c20 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"cd83c20\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"622\" src=\"https:\/\/composites-united.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Dolphitech_Inspection-FoamSandwich-01-768x622.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-37925\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/composites-united.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Dolphitech_Inspection-FoamSandwich-01-768x622.jpg 768w, https:\/\/composites-united.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Dolphitech_Inspection-FoamSandwich-01-300x243.jpg 300w, https:\/\/composites-united.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Dolphitech_Inspection-FoamSandwich-01-1024x829.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/composites-united.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Dolphitech_Inspection-FoamSandwich-01.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fb83e65 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fb83e65\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Setup using a dolphicam2+ and TRM-AF-3.5MHz transducer module on the panel<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e85ced2 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"e85ced2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ef6ed33 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ef6ed33\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Contact:<\/strong><\/p><p>Dolphitech Germany GmbH, Germering<br \/>Ludger Epping, Sales Manager DACH<br \/>+49 151 19 14 64 12<br \/><a href=\"mailto:Ludger.Epping@dolphitech.com\">Ludger.Epping@dolphitech.com<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.dolphitech.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.dolphitech.com<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Inspection of foam-cored sandwich with CFRP skins For aerostructures it is crucial to inspect built-in sandwich structures for flaws. Thus, Dolphitech, reknowned provider of NDT products and services, made special foam core panels. They are bonded between two spread-tow carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) outer laminates and contain a range of embedded flaws at different [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":37926,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[30,171],"tags":[],"main-cat":[144,55,34,35,26],"bildung":[],"forschungs-cat":[],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/composites-united.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37934"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/composites-united.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/composites-united.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/composites-united.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/composites-united.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=37934"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/composites-united.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37934\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":37938,"href":"https:\/\/composites-united.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37934\/revisions\/37938"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/composites-united.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/37926"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/composites-united.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=37934"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/composites-united.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=37934"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/composites-united.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=37934"},{"taxonomy":"maincategory","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/composites-united.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/main-cat?post=37934"},{"taxonomy":"bildung","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/composites-united.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/bildung?post=37934"},{"taxonomy":"forschung","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/composites-united.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/forschungs-cat?post=37934"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}